Egyptian Myth and Legend, by Donald Mackenzie
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Egyptian Myth and Legend, by Donald Mackenzie
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Egyptian mythology is of highly complex character, and cannot be considered apart from its racial andhistorical aspects. The Egyptians were, as a Hebrew prophet has declared, a "mingled people", and this viewhas been confirmed by recent ethnological research: "the process; of racial fusion begun in the Delta at thedawn of history", says Professor Elliot Smith, "spread through the whole land of Egypt". In localities theearly Nilotic inhabitants accepted the religious beliefs of settlers, and fused these with their own. They alsoclung tenaciously to the crude and primitive tribal beliefs of their remote ancestors, and never abandoned anarchaic conception even when they acquired new and more enlightened ideas; they accepted myths literally,and regarded with great sanctity ancient ceremonies and usages. They even showed a tendency to multiplyrather than to reduce the number of their gods and goddesses, by symbolizing their attributes. As a result, wefind it necessary to deal with a bewildering number of deities and a confused mass of beliefs, many of whichare obscure and contradictory. But the average Egyptian was never dismayed by inconsistencies in religiousmatters: he seemed rather to be fascinated by them. There was, strictly speaking, no orthodox creed in Egypt;each provincial centre had its own distinctive theological system, and the religion of an individual appears tohave depended mainly on his habits of life. "The Egyptian", as Professor Wiedemann has said, "neverattempted to systematize his conceptions of the different divinities into a homogeneous religion. It is open tous to speak of the religious ideas of the Egyptians, but not of an Egyptian religion."
Egyptian Myth and Legend, by Donald Mackenzie- Amazon Sales Rank: #4536093 in Books
- Published on: 2015-05-31
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x .41" w x 6.00" l, .55 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 180 pages
About the Author Donald MacKenzie is Professor of Sociology (Personal Chair) at the University of Edinburgh. His books include "Inventing Accuracy" (1990), "Knowing Machines" (1996), and "Mechanizing Proof" (2001), all published by the MIT Press. Portions of "An Engine, not a Camera" won the Viviana A. Zelizer Prize in economic sociology from the American Sociological Association.
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3 of 3 people found the following review helpful. `The history of Egypt is the history of it's Religions.' (6628) By M. DeKalb The title of this review is the phrase that most epitomizes the collective undercurrent of this entire work.Originally published in 1907, MacKenzie offers a broad historico-religious cultural perspective on the land of Egypt and it's peoples. While very antiquarian as it details the history of Ancient Egypt, it appears a worthy predecessor to the currently developed body of knowledge.As far back as the first Egyptian dynasty, we can see a country that is sectionalized and partitioned by it's belief infrastructure. We see hordes of people of differing ethnicities, cordoned off by natural land barriers and we bear witness to the ever persistent `us versus them', or vilification mindset. A testament to the age old philosophical argument - which God is best. Resultantly we see that there are Gods popular (or unpopular) across the region at any given time, and these give sway to the regional and political concerns of the time, dependent upon whom was pharaoh and what the predominant creed of the land was at the time.This work is vast in it's covering of the confusion that ultimately amounts to `Egyptian Culture'. Covered are the various Gods, the roles they played in the mind of antiquarian man, their powers or lack of, there worship by particular dynasties, the fundamental belief structure as it's divided amongst both the God's worshipped and society type (matriarchic / patriarchic) and how this all relates to provincial credence.The Facts:- The moon was worshipped before the sun (Ah - moon God).- New Year's is determined by the rising of Sothis (the brightest star in the constellation Scorpio) on June 17th. It is also called `the night of the drop'. This drop causes the Nile to rise and inundate it's flood plane. Thereby April to June are Egypt's `winter' months and November was generally the time of year to sew seeds.- Architecture:`Cleopatra's Needle' (4 stones; 3 now removed from Egypt dating back to 1480 BC).The Palermo Stone, which contains records of events from the 1st thru 5th Egyptian dynasties.- The Gods:Meskhent - Goddess of Birth.Hekt - Frog goddess of maternity.Sekhet, Hathor (Hippo) and Tefnut - destroyers (fire & heat of the sun).Khonsu - love god, divine physician, associated to the moon.Ah - moon god (agglomeration of Osiris, Thoth, Khonsu).Soker - Memphite god of the dead.Sebek - Crocodile god (Fayum dwellers - protector; Osiris discoverer).Anubis - `opener of the ways' (see `Boat of Millions'), Osiris' son and the sentry of the Western Gate.Thoth - divine lawyer and recorder, weighted the hearts of the dead to determine their fit for the afterlife.Osiris - judged men in accord to their deeds on earth, determined fitfulness for the afterlife. Agrarian God.Often the father and son were fused together (Osiris & Horus), and just as frequently we encounter the mother-wife deistic combination. And where occasion happened that there were multiple gods of the same variety (e.g. Sun Gods) we encounter their hyphenated agglomeration: Sebek-Tum-Ra (the crocodile that discovered Osiris' dismembered body for Isis).`The Boat of Millions' (Sun Boat) - as the sun sets in the West, Anubis opens the gates to allow the Boat of Millions to pass through as it's chased by Apep, the night serpent. This is broken down to 12 divisions of the hour (equatorial people).5th hour - We encounter Sokar, who watches genii tortured in the `Drowning Pool'.7th hour - Osiris judges those upon the boat. Those unworthy are cast to Apep and other demons.11th hour - Horus slays all the enemies of Ra.12th hour - Ra is reborn (the sun emerges) as the Boat of Millions has outrun Apep.Mentionable Dynasties:3rd (2665 BC) - Zoser commands building of the first pyramid and mummification comes into practice.4th (2610 BC) - Khufu builds the largest pyramid, some 2 million blocks and 13 acres.5th (2494 BC) - Userkaf is believed to have sacrificed humans to the sun god.6th (2345 BC) - Ends the `Old Kingdom' which spanned from 3rd through 6th dynasties at 2181 BC.Of great importance to the history, or lack thereof as this comment relates - if a particular king were disliked by the majority of people, his works, name and replica were effaced from the landmarks and records of the time. Hence, if there's very little info regarding a particular king, it is safe to assume that he was unpopular with the people.
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